4/10/2024 0 Comments Venom snake soundboard download![]() ![]() Here, we present annual estimates of the mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) due to snakebite envenoming in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 by age and sex using verbal autopsy (VA) survey and official vital registration (VR) mortality data from the GBD cause of death data repository. Updated estimates of the global situation, including the use of large global health data repositories and more advanced spatiotemporal modeling, are lacking 14. Recent community-based household surveys have demonstrated the capacity of targeted data collection to assess the burden of snakebite envenomation in areas of high snakebite vulnerability, such as India, Sri Lanka, and the Terai Region of Nepal 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. At the regional level, meta-analyses have analyzed national health reporting systems, hospital records, and household surveys to estimate the regional burden in sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, and found the annual mortality to be 7331 and 370 deaths, resepectively 7, 8. In 2008, Kasturiratne and colleagues used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) framework to capture regional trends and found that snakebite envenoming caused between 20,000 and 94,000 annual deaths globally 6. In 1998, Chippaux estimated over 100,000 deaths were caused by snakebite envenoming 5. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a target to halve the number of deaths and cases of snakebite envenoming by 2030 4.įew studies on the global disease burden of snakebite envenoming have been conducted. After being removed from the category A neglected tropical disease (NTD) list in 2013, snakebite envenoming was reinstated in 2017 in response to antivenom shortages and advocacy from researchers and international NGOs 2, 3. Preventing and treating the problem is complex and requires collaboration among the fields of public health, medicine, ecology, and laboratory science. Snakebite envenoming affects millions of people worldwide annually and is a significant source of mortality 1. Improved data collection should be prioritized to help target interventions, improve burden estimation, and monitor progress. We forecast mortality will continue to decline, but not sufficiently to meet WHO’s goals. India had the greatest number of deaths in 2019, equal to an ASMR of 4.0 per 100,000 (2.3-5.0). In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900–78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5–1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2–49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. ![]() Snakebite envenoming is an important cause of preventable death.
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